;;; -*- Mode: TDL; Coding: utf-8 -*- ;;; HAG (Hausa Grammar) ;;; Author: Berthold Crysmann ;;; 2009 ;;; Morphological type system ;;; p-n-g hierarchy modelled after GG sign :+ [MORPH morph_min]. lexkeys :+ [--MCLASS mclass]. lex-item :+ [MORPH.MCLASS #mc, SYNSEM.LKEYS.--MCLASS #mc]. morph_min := avm & [MCLASS mclass, DERIVED luk, COMPLETE luk, --REDUP redup]. ;;; Syntactic Multiword Units: ;;; [COMPLETE luk] ;;; E.g., total reduplication ;;; [COMPLETE -] right head (does not block lexical rules) ;;; [COMPLETE na] left non-head (block lexical rules) ;;; joji-jojin redup := avm & [--STEM list, --SUPRA supra]. mclass := avm. ;;; See Newman (2000) for reference ;;; INH-GENDER specifies whether or not GENDER is inherently specified ;;; Mostly needed for nouns with alternating gender and adjectives. ;;; na stands for classes where masc sg must undergo inflectional ;;; rules, e.g. augmentatives nclass := mclass & [INH-GEND luk]. n-pl-uninfl := nclass. n-pl-none := n-pl-infl. n-pl-infl := nclass. n-pl-2_gem+5 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-2_reg+10 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-1+10 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-1 := n-pl-1+10. n-pl-2 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-3 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-4 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-5 := n-pl-2_gem+5. n-pl-6 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-7 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-8 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-9 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-10 := n-pl-1+10. n-pl-11 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-total-redup := n-pl-infl. n-pl-12 := n-pl-total-redup. n-pl-13 := n-pl-total-redup. n-pl-14 := n-pl-total-redup & [INH-GEND na]. n-pl-15 := n-pl-infl. n-pl-2_reg := n-pl-2 & n-pl-2_reg+10. n-pl-2_gem := n-pl-2 & n-pl-2_gem+5. n-pl-2_nas := n-pl-2. n-pl-2_redup := n-pl-2. n-pl-3_C2aC3e := n-pl-3. n-pl-3_CaCe := n-pl-3. n-pl-3_aye := n-pl-3. n-pl-6_una := n-pl-6. n-pl-6_una_reg+red := n-pl-6_una. n-pl-6_una_reg+gem := n-pl-6_una. n-pl-6_una_red+gem := n-pl-6_una. n-pl-6_una_reg := n-pl-6_una_reg+gem & n-pl-6_una_reg+red. n-pl-6_una_gem := n-pl-6_una_reg+gem & n-pl-6_una_red+gem. n-pl-6_una_red := n-pl-6_una_red+gem & n-pl-6_una_reg+red. n-pl-6_uka := n-pl-6. n-pl-6_uka_reg := n-pl-6_uka. n-pl-6_uka_red := n-pl-6_uka. n-pl-6_uwa := n-pl-6. n-pl-6_uwa_red := n-pl-6_uwa. n-pl-6_uwa_irr := n-pl-6_uwa. n-pl-6_u-a := n-pl-6. n-pl-6_u-a_reg := n-pl-6_u-a. n-pl-6_u-a_red := n-pl-6_u-a. n-pl-6_u-a_gem := n-pl-6_u-a. n-pl-6_uCCa := n-pl-6. n-pl-6_a := n-pl-6. n-pl-7_aiku+8_CaCCaki := n-pl-infl. n-pl-7_anni := n-pl-7. n-pl-7_aiku := n-pl-7 & n-pl-7_aiku+8_CaCCaki. n-pl-7_irr := n-pl-7. n-pl-8_eCani := n-pl-8. n-pl-8_CaCCaki := n-pl-8 & n-pl-7_aiku+8_CaCCaki. n-pl-9_i := n-pl-9. n-pl-9_u := n-pl-9. vclass := mclass & [LEX tone-marked-list, _HEAD verbal]. ;;; New implementation of grade system as tonal paradigms ;;; We include tone of B-form pronominal affix as floating tone grade-tones := avm & [TRI- tone-marked-list, TRI+ tone-marked-list]. vclass-a := vclass & [A grade-tones]. vclass-b-c := vclass-A & [B grade-tones, C grade-tones]. vclass-gr1-gr4-gr0-gr6 := vclass-b-c. vclass-gr4-gr0-gr6 := vclass-gr1-gr4-gr0-gr6. vclass-gr1-gr4 := vclass-gr1-gr4-gr0-gr6 & [A [TRI- #ba & h*-l-cons, TRI+ #ta & ], B [TRI- , TRI+ ], C [TRI- #ba, TRI+ ]]. vclass-gr1 := vclass-gr1-gr4. vclass-gr4 := vclass-gr1-gr4 & vclass-gr4-gr0-gr6. ; vclass-gr2-gr3-A := ; vclass-gr1-gr4-C & ; vclass-gr1-gr4-B. vclass-gr2-gr3-A := vclass-A & [A [TRI- #bi & l*-h-cons, TRI+ ]]. vclass-gr2 := vclass-gr2-gr3-A & vclass-B-C & [A [TRI- #ba ], B [TRI- #bi & < low . #ba>, TRI+ #bi ], C [TRI- #ba, TRI+ #ba]]. vclass-gr3* := vclass-A. vclass-gr3 := vclass-gr3* & vclass-gr2-gr3-A. vclass-gr3a := vclass-gr3* & [A [TRI- #bi & h*-list, TRI+ #bi ]]. vclass-gr3b := vclass-gr3* & [A [TRI- #bi & h*-l-cons, TRI+ #bi ]]. vclass-gr0-gr6 := vclass-gr4-gr0-gr6 & [A #a & [TRI- #bi & h*-list, TRI+ #bi], B [TRI- #bb & , TRI+ #bb ], C #a]. vclass-gr0 := vclass-gr0-gr6. vclass-gr6 := vclass-gr0-gr6. vclass-gr7 := vclass-A & [A [TRI- #bi & l*-h-cons, TRI+ #bi]]. vclass-gr5 := vclass-a & [LEX #l, A [TRI- #l, TRI+ #l]]. v-vclass := vclass. v-vn-reg-gr := vclass. v-vn-non-wa-gr := vclass. v-vn-wa-gr := vclass. v-vn-base-gr := vclass. vn-vclass := vclass. v-vn-irr-gr := vn-vclass. v-vn-irr-m-gr := v-vn-irr-gr. v-vn-irr-f-gr := v-vn-irr-gr. v-gr0 := vclass-gr0 & [_HEAD verb]. v-gr0a := v-gr0. v-gr0b := v-gr0. v-gr1 := vclass-gr1 & v-vn-base-gr. v-gr2 := vclass-gr2 & v-vn-base-gr &[_HEAD verb]. v-gr3* := vclass-gr3* & v-vn-base-gr & [_HEAD verb]. v-gr3 := v-gr3* & vclass-gr3. v-gr3a := v-gr3* & vclass-gr3a. v-gr3b := v-gr3* & vclass-gr3b. v-gr4 := vclass-gr4. v-gr5 := vclass-gr5. v-gr6 := vclass-gr6. v-gr7 := vclass-gr7. v-vn-gr0 := v-gr0 & v-vn-non-wa-gr. v-vn-gr0a := v-vn-gr0 & v-gr0a. v-vn-gr0b := v-vn-gr0 & v-gr0b. v-vn-gr1 := v-gr1 & v-vn-wa-gr. v-vn-gr2-3 := v-vn-non-wa-gr. v-vn-gr2 := v-gr2 & v-vn-gr2-3. v-vn-gr3* := v-gr3* & v-vn-gr2-3. v-vn-gr3 := v-gr3 & v-vn-gr3*. v-vn-gr3a := v-gr3a & v-vn-gr3*. v-vn-gr3b := v-gr3b & v-vn-gr3*. v-vn-gr4 := v-gr4 & v-vn-wa-gr. v-vn-gr5 := v-gr5 & v-vn-wa-gr. v-vn-gr6 := v-gr6 & v-vn-wa-gr. v-vn-gr7 := v-gr7 & v-vn-wa-gr. v-vn-reg-gr0 := v-vn-gr0 & v-vn-reg-gr. v-vn-reg-gr1 := v-vn-gr1 & v-vn-reg-gr. v-vn-reg-gr2 := v-vn-gr2 & v-vn-reg-gr. v-vn-reg-gr3* := v-vn-gr3* & v-vn-reg-gr. v-vn-reg-gr3 := v-vn-gr3 & v-vn-reg-gr3*. v-vn-reg-gr3a := v-vn-gr3a & v-vn-reg-gr3*. v-vn-reg-gr3b := v-vn-gr3b & v-vn-reg-gr3*. v-vn-reg-gr4 := v-vn-gr4 & v-vn-reg-gr. v-vn-reg-gr5 := v-vn-gr5 & v-vn-reg-gr. v-vn-reg-gr6 := v-vn-gr6 & v-vn-reg-gr. v-vn-reg-gr7 := v-vn-gr7 & v-vn-reg-gr. ;;; Incompatible grade v-vn-irr-gr0 := v-vn-gr0 & v-vn-irr-gr. v-vn-irr-gr1 := v-vn-gr1 & v-vn-irr-gr. v-vn-irr-gr2 := v-vn-gr2 & v-vn-irr-gr. v-vn-irr-gr3 := v-vn-gr3 & v-vn-irr-gr. v-vn-irr-gr4 := v-vn-gr4 & v-vn-irr-gr. ;v-vn-irr-gr5 := v-vn-gr5. v-vn-irr-gr6 := v-vn-gr6 & v-vn-irr-gr. v-vn-irr-gr7 := v-vn-gr7 & v-vn-irr-gr. v-vn-irr-wa := v-vn-irr-gr. v-vn-irr-gani-sani := v-vn-irr-gr. ;;; Unified png types for nouns (-n/-r) p-n-g_min := avm & [GEND gender]. p-n-g := p-n-g_min & [PN pn]. p-n-m+p-p-g := p-n-g. p-s-g := p-n-g & [PN sg]. p-p-g := p-n-m+p-p-g & [PN pl]. p-n-m := p-n-m+p-p-g & [GEND m]. p-n-f := p-n-g & [GEND f]. p-s-m := p-n-m & p-s-g. p-s-f := p-n-f & p-s-g. p-p-m := p-n-m & p-p-g. p-p-f := p-n-f & p-p-g.